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<a href="Security%20Model.html">Security Model</a>
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<h1>Security Model</h1>
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<h4>Note to security researchers: If you intend to report a security issue or publish an attack on VeraCrypt, please make sure it does not disregard the security model of VeraCrypt described below. If it does, the attack (or security issue report) will be considered
 invalid/bogus.</h4>
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<p>VeraCrypt is a computer software program whose primary purposes are to:</p>
<ul>
<li>Secure data by encrypting it before it is written to a disk. </li><li>Decrypt encrypted data after it is read from the disk. </li></ul>
<p>VeraCrypt does <strong>not</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Encrypt or secure any portion of RAM (the main memory of a computer). </li><li>Secure any data on a computer* if an attacker has administrator privileges&dagger; under an operating system installed on the computer.
</li><li>Secure any data on a computer if the computer contains any malware (e.g. a virus, Trojan horse, spyware) or any other piece of software (including VeraCrypt or an operating system component) that has been altered, created, or can be controlled, by an attacker.
</li><li>Secure any data on a computer if an attacker has physical access to the computer before or while VeraCrypt is running on it.
</li><li>Secure any data on a computer if an attacker has physical access to the computer between the time when VeraCrypt is shut down and the time when the entire contents of all volatile memory modules connected to the computer (including memory modules in peripheral
 devices) have been permanently and irreversibly erased/lost. </li><li>Secure any data on a computer if an attacker can remotely intercept emanations from the computer hardware (e.g. the monitor or cables) while VeraCrypt is running on it (or otherwise remotely monitor the hardware and its use, directly or indirectly, while
 VeraCrypt is running on it). </li><li>Secure any data stored in a VeraCrypt volume&Dagger; if an attacker without administrator privileges can access the contents of the mounted volume (e.g. if file/folder/volume permissions do not prevent such an attacker from accessing it).
</li><li>Preserve/verify the integrity or authenticity of encrypted or decrypted data.
</li><li>Prevent traffic analysis when encrypted data is transmitted over a network. </li><li>Prevent an attacker from determining in which sectors of the volume the content changed (and when and how many times) if he or she can observe the volume (dismounted or mounted) before and after data is written to it, or if the storage medium/device allows
 the attacker to determine such information (for example, the volume resides on a device that saves metadata that can be used to determine when data was written to a particular sector).
</li><li>Encrypt any existing unencrypted data in place (or re-encrypt or erase data) on devices/filesystems that use wear-leveling or otherwise relocate data internally.
</li><li>Ensure that users choose cryptographically strong passwords or keyfiles. </li><li>Secure any computer hardware component or a whole computer. </li><li>Secure any data on a computer where the security requirements or precautions listed in the chapter
<a href="Security%20Requirements%20and%20Precautions.html">
<em>Security Requirements and Precautions</em></a> are not followed. </li><li>Do anything listed in the section <a href="Issues%20and%20Limitations.html#limitations">
Limitations </a>(chapter <a href="Issues%20and%20Limitations.html">
Known Issues &amp; Limitations</a>). </li></ul>
<p>Under <strong>Windows</strong>, a user without administrator privileges can (assuming the default VeraCrypt and operating system configurations):</p>
<ul>
<li>Mount any file-hosted VeraCrypt volume provided that the file permissions of the container allow it.
</li><li>Mount any partition/device-hosted VeraCrypt volume. </li><li>Complete the pre-boot authentication process and, thus, gain access to data on an encrypted system partition/drive (and start the encrypted operating system).
</li><li>Skip the pre-boot authentication process (this can be prevented by disabling the option
<em>Settings</em> &gt; &lsquo;<em>System Encryption</em>&rsquo; &gt; &lsquo;<em>Allow pre-boot authentication to be bypassed by pressing the Esc key</em>&rsquo;; note that this option can be enabled or disabled only by an administrator).
</li><li>Dismount, using VeraCrypt, (and, in the VeraCrypt application window, see the path to and properties of) any VeraCrypt volume mounted by him or her. However, this does not apply to &lsquo;system favorite volumes&rsquo;, which he or she can dismount (etc.)
 regardless of who mounted them (this can be prevented by enabling the option <em>
Settings</em> &gt; &lsquo;<em>System Favorite Volumes</em>&rsquo; &gt; &lsquo;<em>Allow</em> only administrators to view and dismount system favorite volumes in VeraCrypt&rsquo;; note that this option can be enabled or disabled only by an administrator).
</li><li>Create a file-hosted VeraCrypt volume containing a FAT or no file system (provided that the relevant folder permissions allow it).
</li><li>Change the password, keyfiles, and header key derivation algorithm for, and restore or back up the header of, a file-hosted VeraCrypt volume (provided that the file permissions allow it).
</li><li>Access the filesystem residing within a VeraCrypt volume mounted by another user on the system (however, file/folder/volume permissions can be set to prevent this).
</li><li>Use passwords (and processed keyfiles) stored in the password cache (note that caching can be disabled; for more information see the section
<em>Settings -&gt; Preferences</em>, subsection <em>Cache passwords in</em> driver memory).
</li><li>View the basic properties (e.g. the size of the encrypted area, encryption and hash algorithms used, etc.) of the encrypted system partition/drive when the encrypted system is running.
</li><li>Run and use the VeraCrypt application (including the VeraCrypt Volume Creation Wizard) provided that the VeraCrypt device driver is running and that the file permissions allow it.
</li></ul>
<p>Under <strong>Linux</strong>, a user without administrator privileges can (assuming the default VeraCrypt and operating system configurations):</p>
<ul>
<li>Create a file-hosted or partition/device-hosted VeraCrypt volume containing a FAT or no file system provided that the relevant folder/device permissions allow it.
</li><li>Change the password, keyfiles, and header key derivation algorithm for, and restore or back up the header of, a file-hosted or partition/device-hosted VeraCrypt volume provided that the file/device permissions allow it.
</li><li>Access the filesystem residing within a VeraCrypt volume mounted by another user on the system (however, file/folder/volume permissions can be set to prevent this).
</li><li>Run and use the VeraCrypt application (including the VeraCrypt Volume Creation Wizard) provided that file permissions allow it.
</li><li>In the VeraCrypt application window, see the path to and properties of any VeraCrypt volume mounted by him or her.
</li></ul>
<p>Under <strong>Mac OS X</strong>, a user without administrator privileges can (assuming the default VeraCrypt and operating system configurations):</p>
<ul>
<li>Mount any file-hosted or partition/device-hosted VeraCrypt volume provided that the file/device permissions allow it.
</li><li>Dismount, using VeraCrypt, (and, in the VeraCrypt application window, see the path to and properties of) any VeraCrypt volume mounted by him or her.
</li><li>Create a file-hosted or partition/device-hosted VeraCrypt volume provided that the relevant folder/device permissions allow it.
</li><li>Change the password, keyfiles, and header key derivation algorithm for, and restore or back up the header of, a file-hosted or partition/device-hosted VeraCrypt volume (provided that the file/device permissions allow it).
</li><li>Access the filesystem residing within a VeraCrypt volume mounted by another user on the system (however, file/folder/volume permissions can be set to prevent this).
</li><li>Run and use the VeraCrypt application (including the VeraCrypt Volume Creation Wizard) provided that the file permissions allow it.
</li></ul>
<p>VeraCrypt does not support the set-euid root mode of execution.<br>
<br>
Additional information and details regarding the security model are contained in the chapter
<a href="Security%20Requirements%20and%20Precautions.html">
<em>Security Requirements and Precautions</em></a>.</p>
<p>* In this section (<em>Security Model</em>), the phrase &ldquo;data on a computer&rdquo; means data on internal and external storage devices/media (including removable devices and network drives) connected to the computer.</p>
<p>&dagger; In this section (<em>Security Model</em>), the phrase &ldquo;administrator privileges&rdquo; does not necessarily refer to a valid administrator account. It may also refer to an attacker who does not have a valid administrator account but who is
 able (for example, due to improper configuration of the system or by exploiting a vulnerability in the operating system or a third-party application) to perform any action that only a user with a valid administrator account is normally allowed to perform (for
 example, to read or modify an arbitrary part of a drive or the RAM, etc.)</p>
<p>&Dagger; &ldquo;VeraCrypt volume&rdquo; also means a VeraCrypt-encrypted system partition/drive (see the chapter
<a href="System%20Encryption.html"><em>System Encryption</em></a>).</p>
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